Anonymity and Online Self-Disclosure: A Meta-Analysis

When an individual is anonymous online, they may communicate more boldly than they

would in a face-to-face situation—a phenomenon called the online disinhibition effect.

While much is known about the toxic effects of online disinhibition, social effects (such as

self-disclosure) receive less scholarly attention. This meta-analysis (k = 14, random effects

assumed) examined the relationship between anonymity and online self-disclosure as

a form of benign disinhibition. Results indicated anonymity had a positive average

correlation with self-disclosure (r = .184). However, there was substantial heterogeneity

across studies that could not be explained by moderators including type of anonymity

(visual or discursive), the measure of self-disclosure (self-report or content analysis), or the

type of interaction task (social, task, none present).